Books & winners of the Booker Prize for Fiction : GK Collection

2012- Bring Up the Bodies (Hilary Mantel)
2011 - The Sense of an Ending (Barnes) 
2010 - The Finkler Question (Jacobson) 
2009 - Wolf Hall (Mantel)
2008 - The White Tiger (Adiga)
2007 - The Gathering (Enright)
2006 - The Inheritance of Loss (Desai)
2005 - The Sea (Banville)
2004 - The Line of Beauty (Hollinghurst)
2003 - Vernon God Little (Pierre)
2002 - Life of Pi (Martel)
2001 - True History of the Kelly Gang (Carey)
2000 - The Blind Assassin (Atwood)
1999 - Disgrace (Coetzee)
1998 - Amsterdam: A Novel (McEwan)
1997 - The God of Small Things (Roy)
1996 - Last Orders (Swift)
1995 - The Ghost Road (Barker)
1994 - How Late It Was, How Late (Kelman)
1993 - Paddy Clarke Ha Ha Ha (Doyle)
1992 - The English Patient (Ondaatje)
1992 - Sacred Hunger (Unsworth)
1991 - The Famished Road (Okri)
1990 - Possession: A Romance (Byatt)
1989 - The Remains of the Day (Ishiguro)
1988 - Oscar and Lucinda (Carey)
1987 - Moon Tiger (Lively)
1986 - The Old Devils (Amis)
1985 - The Bone People (Hulme)
1984 - Hotel Du Lac (Brookner)
1983 - Life & Times of Michael K (Coetzee)
1982 - Schindler's Ark (Keneally)
1981 - Midnight's Children (Rushdie)
1980 - Rites of Passage (Golding)
1979 - Offshore (Fitzgerald)
1978 - The Sea, the Sea (Murdoch)
1977 - Staying on (Scott)
1976 - Saville (Storey)
1975 - Heat and Dust (Jhabvala)
1974 - The Conservationist (Gordimer)
1974 - Holiday (Middleton)
1973 - The Siege of Krishnapur (Farrell)
1972 - G. (Berger)
1971 - In a Free State (V. S. Naipaul )
1970 - The Elected Member (Bernice Rubens)
1969 - Something to Answer For (P.H.Newby)

Basic Computer Terms & Knowledge for IBPS/Bank PO/Clerk Exams

Computer Generations:

1. First Gen:- (1942-1955):- Here We Use “VACCUME-TUBE”

2. Second Gen:- (1955-1964):- Here We Use “TRANSISTEOR”

3. Third Gen:- (1964-1975):- Here We Use “INTEGRATED-CIRCUITS”

4. Forth Gen:- (1975 onwords):- Here We Use “MICROPROCESSOR”

5. Fifth Gen:- (Yet to come):- Artificial Intelligence

HARDWARE / SOFTWARE 

Hardware:- The physical component of a computer system such as electrical, megentic & mechanical devices constitute Hardware. Those component which can be touch & seen.

Software:- The terms software refer to the set of computer program, procedure, & associated documents, that describe the program & how they are to be used.

Types of software:-

A. System Software:-

E.g.:- O.S, Assembler, Compiler, Interpreter

B. Application Software:-

E.g:- Image processor:- world processingDatabase:- SpreadsheetGames:- Communication Software

OPERATING-SYSTEM

Operating System:- is a program or software that control the computer hardwareOrOperating system provide the interface between user & computer hardware.

Function of Operating System:- 

a. Resource managementb. Job managementc. Task managementd. Data managemente. Input / output managementf. Security of data

PROGRAMMING-LANGUAGE

Types of Programming Language:-

1.) LOW-LEVEL:-

a. Machine-Languageb. Assemble Language

2.) HIGH-LEVEL:-

a. Problem oriented

b. Procedural:-

I . ScriptingII. Object-OrientedIII. Structured Language C

c. Non Procedural

LANGUAGE-TRANSLATOR

1.) ASSEMBLER:- are used to convert the low level language into machine language.

2.) COMPILER:- are used to convert the High level language into machine language. This check for error in the entire program & convert all the program into machine code

3.) INTERPRETER:- are used to convert High level language into machine language. & Interpretor check from error statement for one by one & convert the statement into machine code.

COMPUTER-MEMORY

Types of Memory:-

1.) Main-memroy / Semi Conductor / PrimaryMemory:-

A. RAM (Volatie):- The content of this memory will erased when we switch off power supply. In this memory we currently working.

a. Static b. Dynamic

B. ROM (Non-volatile):-The content of this memory will not erased. Even when computer is switch of.

a. PROMb. EPROMc. EEPROM

2.) Secondary Memory:- 

a. Hard diskb. Floppy diskc. Magnetic disk

PRINTER

Types of Printer:-

1.) IMPACT-PRINTER:- (Drum, Chain, Dot matrix, Daisy wheel)2.) NON-IMPACT-PRINTER:- (Laser, Ink-jet, Thermal)

ABBREVIATION-TERMS-RELATED-TO-COMPUTER-BASIC

C.P.U:- Central Processing Unit

C.M.O.S:- Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor

P.C.I:- Peripherals Component Interface

B.I.O.S:- Basic Input Output System

Mhz:- Mega Hetz or

Ghz:- Giga Hetz

DIMM:- Dual In Memory Modules

D.D.R:- Doble Data Rate

U.S.B:- Universal Data Bus

F.D.D:- Floppy Disk Drive

SATA:- Serial Advance Technology Attachment

H.D.D:- Hard Disk Drive

P.O.S.T:- Power On Self Test

P.G.N:- Pin Grid Array

E.P.P:- Enhanced Parallel Port

E.C.P:- Extended Capabilities’ Port

F.S.B:- Front Side Bus

L.C.D:- Liquid Crystal Display

T.F.T:- Thin Film Transistor

S.C.S.I :- Small Computer System Interface

P.S.U:- Power Supply Unit

R.P.M:- Rotation Per Minutes

ABBREVIATION-TERMS-(COMPUTER-NETWORK)

LAN:- Local Area Network

WAN:- Wide Area Network

MAN:- Metropolis Area Network

IPS:- Internet Service Provider

SMTP:- Simple Mail Transfer Protoco

lFTP:- File Transfer Protocol

OSI :- Open System Interconnection

HTTP:- Hyper Text Transfer Protocol

URL:- Universal Resource Locator

MODEM:- Modulation & Demodulation

IP;- Internet Protocol

DNS:- Domain Name Service

TCP / IP :- Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol

VSAT:- Very Small Aperture Terminal

ISDN:- Integrated services digital network

WWW:- World Wide Web

NIC:- Network Interface Card

Indian National Congress Notes for SSC & UPSC Exams

INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS : History Notes

* Founded by 1885 by A.O. Hume.

* Venue of 1 st Session – Gokul Tejpal Sanskrit School of Bombay.

* First President – W.C. Banerjee. * First Women President – Annie Besant (1917 Calcutta). 

* First Indian Women President – Sarojini Naidu.(1925, Kanpur)

* First English President – George Yule * First Muslim President – Badaruddin Tayabji

* Women President – Annie Besant (1917), Sarojini Naidu (1925) and Nalin Sengupta. 

* Thrice President (Maximum times)– Dadabhi Naoroji (1886,1863,1906), J.L. Nehru (1929, 1936, 1937).

* First Session to hold in village – 1937 (Fazipur). * First split of congress – 1907 (Surat). * First – Joint Session of Congress and Muslim League Lucknow (1916).

* Word Swaraj was first used from congress platform (1906) Calcutta.

* Only session presided over by Gandhi – Belgaon (1924).

* Complete Independence was demand for the first time (1929), Lahore.

* For the first time NationalSong was sung in the Calcutta Session (1896) of INC. i.e., Vande Mataram * For the first time National Anthem (Jana Gana Mana ) Was sung in Calcutta session (1911) of INC.

* Maulana Abul Kalam Azadwas the youngest president of Inc.

* The first session of congress (Bomaby 1885) was attended by 72 representatives.During the fourth session of INC (1888,Allahabad) emphasized was given on formation of its constitution. * Nagpur Session (1891) the word ‘National’ was added to Congress. * Poona session(1895), representatives second time discussed on the formation of its constitution.

* Calcutta session of 1906, its president for the first time used ‘ Swaraj’ in his speech. * In Lucknow Session of Congress (1916) the two factions of congress (extremists and Moderates) reunited.

* During Ahmedabad Session of INC (1921) , C. R. Das was elected its President but Azamal Khan presided over the session because C.R. Das was in prison.

* During Gaya Session (1922 ) differences arose over the issue of council entry. C.R.Das and Motilal Nehru organized Swaraj Party in 1922.

* During its Delhi session (1923) INC decided to establish All India Khadi Borad.

* Gandhi presided over only Belgaon session (1924) of INC * During this session knowledge of weaving wasfixed as minimum qualification for its members. Gandhi decide toset up ‘All India Charkha Association declared 1926’ as year of keeping silent.

* During Guwahati session of Inc (1926) wearing Khadi was made compulsory for its workers.

* During Madras session of INC 91927), proposals for independence and to boycott Simon commission were passed. Gandhi did not participate.

* During Karachi Session (1931) Fundamentals Rights and Economic PolicyProposals Passed.

* During its 1932 and 1933session government had declared it an illegal organization.

* During Lucknow Session (1936), J.L. Nehru explainedsocialism for the first time.* During Fazipur Session (1937) congress decided to take part in election of 1937. * 1938 session of congress held in a village Haripura.Netaji elected unopposed. * In Ramgarh Session (1904) decisions onIndividual Satyagarha.

* The word “Congress” Or INC was taken from the history of USA which means group of people.

* During Tripuri Session Of INC (1939) Subhash Chandra Bose Defeated Pattabhi Sitaramaya(Gandhi’s candidate in presidential election) but later resigned and Rajendra Prasad became its president.* During Calcutta Session (1928) first All India Youth congress was established.