Indian National Congress Notes for SSC & UPSC Exams

INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS : History Notes

* Founded by 1885 by A.O. Hume.

* Venue of 1 st Session – Gokul Tejpal Sanskrit School of Bombay.

* First President – W.C. Banerjee. * First Women President – Annie Besant (1917 Calcutta). 

* First Indian Women President – Sarojini Naidu.(1925, Kanpur)

* First English President – George Yule * First Muslim President – Badaruddin Tayabji

* Women President – Annie Besant (1917), Sarojini Naidu (1925) and Nalin Sengupta. 

* Thrice President (Maximum times)– Dadabhi Naoroji (1886,1863,1906), J.L. Nehru (1929, 1936, 1937).

* First Session to hold in village – 1937 (Fazipur). * First split of congress – 1907 (Surat). * First – Joint Session of Congress and Muslim League Lucknow (1916).

* Word Swaraj was first used from congress platform (1906) Calcutta.

* Only session presided over by Gandhi – Belgaon (1924).

* Complete Independence was demand for the first time (1929), Lahore.

* For the first time NationalSong was sung in the Calcutta Session (1896) of INC. i.e., Vande Mataram * For the first time National Anthem (Jana Gana Mana ) Was sung in Calcutta session (1911) of INC.

* Maulana Abul Kalam Azadwas the youngest president of Inc.

* The first session of congress (Bomaby 1885) was attended by 72 representatives.During the fourth session of INC (1888,Allahabad) emphasized was given on formation of its constitution. * Nagpur Session (1891) the word ‘National’ was added to Congress. * Poona session(1895), representatives second time discussed on the formation of its constitution.

* Calcutta session of 1906, its president for the first time used ‘ Swaraj’ in his speech. * In Lucknow Session of Congress (1916) the two factions of congress (extremists and Moderates) reunited.

* During Ahmedabad Session of INC (1921) , C. R. Das was elected its President but Azamal Khan presided over the session because C.R. Das was in prison.

* During Gaya Session (1922 ) differences arose over the issue of council entry. C.R.Das and Motilal Nehru organized Swaraj Party in 1922.

* During its Delhi session (1923) INC decided to establish All India Khadi Borad.

* Gandhi presided over only Belgaon session (1924) of INC * During this session knowledge of weaving wasfixed as minimum qualification for its members. Gandhi decide toset up ‘All India Charkha Association declared 1926’ as year of keeping silent.

* During Guwahati session of Inc (1926) wearing Khadi was made compulsory for its workers.

* During Madras session of INC 91927), proposals for independence and to boycott Simon commission were passed. Gandhi did not participate.

* During Karachi Session (1931) Fundamentals Rights and Economic PolicyProposals Passed.

* During its 1932 and 1933session government had declared it an illegal organization.

* During Lucknow Session (1936), J.L. Nehru explainedsocialism for the first time.* During Fazipur Session (1937) congress decided to take part in election of 1937. * 1938 session of congress held in a village Haripura.Netaji elected unopposed. * In Ramgarh Session (1904) decisions onIndividual Satyagarha.

* The word “Congress” Or INC was taken from the history of USA which means group of people.

* During Tripuri Session Of INC (1939) Subhash Chandra Bose Defeated Pattabhi Sitaramaya(Gandhi’s candidate in presidential election) but later resigned and Rajendra Prasad became its president.* During Calcutta Session (1928) first All India Youth congress was established.

Eligibility For UPSC Civil Services Exams for IAS/IPS

Eligibility for UPSC Civil Service Exam

Nationality

A candidate must be either:

1. a citizen of India, or
2. a subject of Nepal, or
3. a subject of Bhutan, or
4. a Tibetan refugee who came over to India before 1st January, 1962 with the intention of permanently settling in India.
5. a person of Indian origin who has migrated from Pakistan, Burma, Srilanka, East African countries of Kenya, Uganda, the United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia, Malawi, Zaire, Ethiopia and Vietnam with the intention of permanently settling in India.

Provided that a candidate belonging to categories (b), (c), (d) and (e) shall be a person in whose favour a certificate of eligibility has been issued by the Government of India.

Age Limits

A candidate must have attained the age of 21 years and must not have attained the age of 30 years on 1st August, in the year of examination.

The upper age limit prescribed above will be relaxable in the follwing cases:

• Scheduled Caste or a Scheduled Tribe: upto a maximum of five years.
• Other Backward Classes: upto a maximum of three years.
• State of Jammu & Kashmir (Domiciled during the period from the 1st January, 1980 to 31st December, 1989): upto a maximum of five years.
• Defence Services personnel : upto a maximum of five years
• (disabled in operations during hostilities with any foreign country or in a disturbed area and released as a consequence thereof)
• Ex-servicemen including Commissioned officers and ECOs/SSCOs who have rendered at least five years Military Service and have been released (i) on completion of assignment otherwise than by way of dismissal or discharge on account of misconduct or inefficiency, or (ii) on account of physical disability attributable to Military Service, or (iii) on invalidment: upto a maximum of five years.
• ECOs/SSCOs who have completed an initial period of assignment of five years of Military Service and whose assignment has been extended beyond five years and in whose case the Ministry of Defence issues a certificate that they can apply for civil employment and that they will be released on three month's notice on selection from the date of receipt of offer of appointment : upto a maximum of five years.
• Blind, deaf-mute and Orthopaedically handicapped persons: upto a maximum of ten years.

Cumulative Age relaxation:

Scheduled Castes, the Scheduled Tribes and the Other Backward Classes who are also covered under other clauses mentioned above will be eligible for grant of cumulative age-relaxation under both the categories.

Ex-servicemen eligibility:

The term ex-servicemen will apply to the persons who are defined as ex-servicemen in the Ex-servicemen (Re-employment in Civil Services and Posts) Rules, 1979, as amended from time to time.

The age concession will not be admissible to Ex-Servicemen and Commissioned Officers including ECOs/SSCOs, who are released on own request.

NOTE II

Date of Birth Certificate:

The date of birth accepted by the Commission is that entered in the Matriculation or Secondary School Leaving Certificate or in a certificate recognized by an Indian University as equivalent to Matriculation or in an extract from a Register of Matriculates maintained by a University, which extract must be certified by the proper authority of the University or in the Higher Secondary or an equivalent examination certificate.

No other document relating to age like horoscopes, affidavits, birth extracts from Municipal Corporation, service records and the like will be accepted.

Once the date of birth is recorded in the Commission, no change is allowed subsequently (or at any other Examination of the Commission) on any grounds whatsoever.

Educational Qualifications

The candidate must hold a degree of any of Universities incorporated by an Act of the Central or State Legislature in India or other educational institutions established by an Act of Parliament or declared to be deemed as a University Under Section 3 of the University Grants Commission Act, 1956, or possess an equivalent qualification.

NOTE: Candidates who have appeared at an examination which would educationally qualify them for the UPSC examination but have not received the the results will also be eligible for admission to the Preliminary Examination. They will have to produce the proof of passing the requisite examination with their application for the Main Examination.

In exceptional cases, UPSC may treat a candidate who has not any of the foregoing qualifications as a qualified candidate, provided that he has passed examination conducted by other Institutions, which UPSC deems fit.

Candidates possessing professional and technical qualifications, recognised by Government as equivalent to professional and technical degree would also be eligible for admission to the examination.

Candidates who have passed the final professional M.B.B.S. or any other Medical Examination but have not completed their internship by the time of submission of their applications for the Civil Services (Main) Examination, will be provisionally admitted to the Examination. They will however, have to submit a copy of a certificate from the concerned authority of the University/Institution that they have passed the requisite final professional medical examination with their application . In such cases, the candidates will be required to produce original Degree or a certificate from the University/Institution at the time of their interview .

Number of attempts

The maximum number of attempts restriction is effective from the examination held in 1984. In case other eligibility conditions apply:

• General candidates: four attempts.
• Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe candidates: No restriction.
• Other Backward Classes: seven attempts.

NOTE 1: An attempt at a Preliminary Examination is considered an attempt at the examination.

If a candidate actually appears in any one paper in the Preliminary Examination, he is considered to have made an attempt at the examination. Notwithstanding the disqualification/cancellation of 

candidature the fact of appearance of the candidate at the examination will count as an attempt.

NOTE 2: Restrictions on reapplying for the examination. A candidate who is appointed to the Indian Administrative Service or the Indian Foreign Service on the results of an earlier examination and continues to be a member of that service will not be eligible to compete at this examination.

If a candidate is appointed to the IAS/IFS after the Preliminary Examination of Civil Services Examination is over and he/she continues to be a member of that service, he/she shall not be eligible to appear in the Civil Services (Main) Examination notwithstanding his/her having qualified in the Preliminary Examination.

If a candidate is appointed to IAS/IFS after the commencement of the Civil Services (Main) Examination, but before the result thereof and continues to be a member of that service, he/she shall not be considered for appointment to any service/post on the basis of the result of this examination.

Candidates are advised to check official UPSC notice before applying.

Important Government Schemes for UPSC & SSC Exams

1. BHARAT NIRMAN: 

• It was implemented and extended in three phases i.e., from (2005 - 2009), (2009 - 2012), (2012- 2014)
• It is centrally sponsored scheme for the rural development of India started in September 2005.
• There are 6 objectives in this scheme.<a href="#" role="button"></a>

Objectives:

a) To provide all weather road connectivity to the village which have more than 1000 population in plain areas and 500 population in hilly areas. 

b) To bring 10 million hectares of land under irrigation facility and to make 1.4 million hectares of additional land for arable land (for the use of agriculture). 

c) To provide clean drinking water to all villages by the end of 2012 under Rajiv Gandhi payjal yojana. 

d) To electrify 1, 76,000 villages by the end of 2012 under Rajiv Gandhi Vidyutikaran yojna. 

e) To construct Pakka houses for BPL house- holds under Indira Awas Yojana (Now from April 1st 2013 cash assistance Rs. 70000 for plain areas and Rs. 75000 for hilly areas) previously it was Rs. 40000 for plain areas and Rs. 45000 for hilly areas. 

f) To provide telephone connectivity to all villages and all BPL holders by 2012. 

g) Note: All these objectives are extended till 2014.

2. JNNURM: Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission 

• It was implemented and extended in two phases i.e., (2005 - 2012), (2012 - 2014) 

• Started in the year 2005 to make million plus cities squatter (Slam area) free. 

There are 2 components

a) To construct pakka houses for urban poor dwelling in squatter under Rajiv Awas yojana. b) To make transportation system faster and greener.

3. NRHM: National Rural Health Mission 

• It was started on 12th April 2005 to enhance the health facilities in rural areas. 

• The appointment of ASHA workers (Accredited social health activist) in Angonwadi Kendra to provide basic information on health and hygiene conditions as well as to guide people regarding conservation of water. 

4. MGNREGA: Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 

• It was on started on 2nd Feb 2006 to provide minimum 150 days from 1st April 2013 (previously its is 100 days) of employment to BPL house hold. 

• This scheme is both for Urban and Rural areas.

• The old name of this scheme is NREGA and it was changed to MGNREGA on 2nd Oct 2009.

• The wages under the scheme is fixed on the basis of CPI-AL (Consumer Price Index for Agricultural Labourers) which is calculated by the state government on the basis of their Per capita Income. 

5. UIDAI: Unique Identification Authority of India. 

• It was started in the year 2010 to provide multipurpose national identity card (MNIC) to every citizen aged above 5 years. 

• Its name has been changed to Aadhar. 

• Its model state was Karnataka (started) 

• The retinal identification is taken from the age group of 14 and above. 

• Scheme has 7 components like address, PAN no., Passport no., retinal identity etc, It consists of 12 digit number. 

• Chairman: Nandan Nilkani 

6. NFSM: National Food Security Mission 

• This scheme is to reduce the poverty in India under national social assistance programme.

• Under Public Distribution System (PDS), government will provide rice @ Rs. 3/kg, wheat @ Rs. 2/kg to the BPL households. 

7. IGNOAPS: Indira Gandhi National Old age Pension Scheme 

• This Scheme is for the people who aged above 65 years. 

• The amount of Rs. 400 per month (Central govt + State govt = Rs. 200 + Rs. 200) will be provided by both Central government and State government who aged between 65 – 80 years. 

• Rs. 500 per month (Central govt + State govt = Rs. 250 + Rs. 250) for the people who aged more than 80 years. 

8. IGNWPS: Indira Gandhi National Widow Pension Scheme 

• The beneficiary is in between age group of 40-64 years in this scheme. 

• Assistance of Rs. 400 per month (Central govt + State govt = Rs. 200 + Rs. 200) will be given to particular person. 

9. NFBS: National Family Benefit Scheme 

Under this scheme a grant of Rs. 10000 is given in case of natural and accidental death of the primarily breadwinner of the family (he/she) of BPL households.

10. ANNAPURNA: 

• Under this scheme 10 kg of food grains are provided to BPL households free of cost every month.