Computer Generations:
1. First Gen:- (1942-1955):- Here We Use “VACCUME-TUBE”
2. Second Gen:- (1955-1964):- Here We Use “TRANSISTEOR”
3. Third Gen:- (1964-1975):- Here We Use “INTEGRATED-CIRCUITS”
4. Forth Gen:- (1975 onwords):- Here We Use “MICROPROCESSOR”
5. Fifth Gen:- (Yet to come):- Artificial Intelligence
HARDWARE / SOFTWARE
Hardware:- The physical component of a computer system such as electrical, megentic & mechanical devices constitute Hardware. Those component which can be touch & seen.
Software:- The terms software refer to the set of computer program, procedure, & associated documents, that describe the program & how they are to be used.
Types of software:-
A. System Software:-
E.g.:- O.S, Assembler, Compiler, Interpreter
B. Application Software:-
E.g:- Image processor:- world processingDatabase:- SpreadsheetGames:- Communication Software
OPERATING-SYSTEM
Operating System:- is a program or software that control the computer hardwareOrOperating system provide the interface between user & computer hardware.
Function of Operating System:-
a. Resource managementb. Job managementc. Task managementd. Data managemente. Input / output managementf. Security of data
PROGRAMMING-LANGUAGE
Types of Programming Language:-
1.) LOW-LEVEL:-
a. Machine-Languageb. Assemble Language
2.) HIGH-LEVEL:-
a. Problem oriented
b. Procedural:-
I . ScriptingII. Object-OrientedIII. Structured Language C
c. Non Procedural
LANGUAGE-TRANSLATOR
1.) ASSEMBLER:- are used to convert the low level language into machine language.
2.) COMPILER:- are used to convert the High level language into machine language. This check for error in the entire program & convert all the program into machine code
3.) INTERPRETER:- are used to convert High level language into machine language. & Interpretor check from error statement for one by one & convert the statement into machine code.
COMPUTER-MEMORY
Types of Memory:-
1.) Main-memroy / Semi Conductor / PrimaryMemory:-
A. RAM (Volatie):- The content of this memory will erased when we switch off power supply. In this memory we currently working.
a. Static b. Dynamic
B. ROM (Non-volatile):-The content of this memory will not erased. Even when computer is switch of.
a. PROMb. EPROMc. EEPROM
2.) Secondary Memory:-
a. Hard diskb. Floppy diskc. Magnetic disk
PRINTER
Types of Printer:-
1.) IMPACT-PRINTER:- (Drum, Chain, Dot matrix, Daisy wheel)2.) NON-IMPACT-PRINTER:- (Laser, Ink-jet, Thermal)
ABBREVIATION-TERMS-RELATED-TO-COMPUTER-BASIC
C.P.U:- Central Processing Unit
C.M.O.S:- Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
P.C.I:- Peripherals Component Interface
B.I.O.S:- Basic Input Output System
Mhz:- Mega Hetz or
Ghz:- Giga Hetz
DIMM:- Dual In Memory Modules
D.D.R:- Doble Data Rate
U.S.B:- Universal Data Bus
F.D.D:- Floppy Disk Drive
SATA:- Serial Advance Technology Attachment
H.D.D:- Hard Disk Drive
P.O.S.T:- Power On Self Test
P.G.N:- Pin Grid Array
E.P.P:- Enhanced Parallel Port
E.C.P:- Extended Capabilities’ Port
F.S.B:- Front Side Bus
L.C.D:- Liquid Crystal Display
T.F.T:- Thin Film Transistor
S.C.S.I :- Small Computer System Interface
P.S.U:- Power Supply Unit
R.P.M:- Rotation Per Minutes
ABBREVIATION-TERMS-(COMPUTER-NETWORK)
LAN:- Local Area Network
WAN:- Wide Area Network
MAN:- Metropolis Area Network
IPS:- Internet Service Provider
SMTP:- Simple Mail Transfer Protoco
lFTP:- File Transfer Protocol
OSI :- Open System Interconnection
HTTP:- Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
URL:- Universal Resource Locator
MODEM:- Modulation & Demodulation
IP;- Internet Protocol
DNS:- Domain Name Service
TCP / IP :- Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol
VSAT:- Very Small Aperture Terminal
ISDN:- Integrated services digital network
WWW:- World Wide Web
NIC:- Network Interface Card
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